3.4 QBFT Consensus: Performance and Security

Avao Chain uses Quorum Byzantine Fault Tolerance (QBFT), a permissioned consensus protocol that offers high throughput, low latency, and deterministic finality. Here’s how it works:

● Deterministic Finality: Once a block is confirmed, it is final. There are no forks or reorgs, which is critical for compute coordination and governance.

● Fault Tolerance: QBFT can tolerate up to ( f ) faulty or malicious validators out of ( 3f + 1 ) total. This ensures the network remains secure even under partial failure.

● Leader Rotation: The protocol automatically rotates the leader node responsible for proposing blocks, reducing the risk of centralization or downtime.

● High Throughput: QBFT supports fast block times and high transaction volumes, making it suitable for enterprise applications and real-time compute settlement.

This consensus model was chosen to balance performance, security, and governance — enabling Avao to serve both Web3-native users and Web2 traditional organizations.